Orthodontics

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Teeth eruption

Fixed Orthodontic Appliances in the Management of Severe Dental Trauma in Mixed Dentition
Abstract We describe a case of complex trauma to the early mixed dentition in which tooth avulsion, intrusion, extrusion and lateral luxation were managed effectively using a fixed, non-rigid orthodontic splint after treatment with a traditional wire-composite splint had failed. The use of orthodontic brackets and flexible wires provided several advantages, such as the ability to splint ...
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Mixed dentition: Age period?

Intercanine and intermolar width of the upper & lower jaw

CLASS II MALOCLUSION
Lower molar distally positioned relative to upper molar, line of occlusion not specified
Condition when class II molar relationship is present with proclined upper central incisors. • There is an increase in overjet. CLASS II DIVISION 1
... Condition when class II molar relationship is present with retroclined upper central incisors, upper lateral incisors may be proclined or normally inclined. • Overjet is usually minimal or may be decreased. CLASS II DIVISION 2
Angle Class ІІ malocclusion division 1
CLASS II SUB-DIVISION Condition when the class II molar relationship exists on only one side with normal molar relationship on the other side.
Read more at: ------------------------------- http://www.slideshare.net/…/classificat ion-of-malocclusion-… -------------------------------
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Skeletal class II malocclusion correction using the Bass appliance
Skeletal class II malocclusion is best treated by growth modification using the myofunctional appliances or the orthopedic appliances or the combination of the both depending upon the type of malocclusion encountered during the growth period of an individual.
Though all myofunctional appliances work on the same principle with few basic differences; the orthodontist has to make a choice among the plethora of t...he appliances at his disposal. The present article is a case report of class II malocclusion treatment using the Bass appliance for the growth modification, which was followed by fixed appliance for the occlusal detailing.
Read more at: ------------------------------- http://dentalarticles.com/pdf/… -------------------------------
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Appliances Used To Regain Space
• Uprighting mechanics:
• Sectional fixed appliance.
... • Removable appliances – Acrylic cervical occipital appliance (ACCO appliance).
An ACCO appliance (Figure 14.8) is comprised of a palatal acrylic plate with an anterior bite platform to disclude the posterior teeth, allowing the first permanent molar to move freely. Retention is obtained via Adams clasps on the first premolars or deciduous molars and a labial bow across the permanent incisors.
The bow should be supported with a band of acrylic across the labial surfaces of the incisors to increase the anchorage for the finger springs against the mesial surface of the molars to be distalized. These are most successful in the maxillary arch, where there is a dental and skeletal Class I pattern with normal vertical proportions and the regaining of space is by way of uprighting the first permanent molar.
Read more at: ----------------------------------------- --------- https://pocketdentistry.com/14-orthodonti c-diagnosis-and-t…/ ----------------------------------------- ----------
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Fixed appliance treatment in mixed dentition
Irregularly erupting anterior teeth have a very significant effect on the psychological well-being of an individual and hence should be managed as early as possible. [18] The advantage of utilizing a simple fixed appliance such as the 2 × 4 appliance (2 bands cemented on both upper first permanent molars and 4 brackets bonded onto the erupted maxillary incisors) in these patients [Figure 13]a include minimal patient discomfort and ...hence improved co-operation, increased control of force magnitude and that controlled tooth movement is possible in all three planes of space. The control afforded with 2×4 appliance is also preferred during the correction of anterior cross bites [Figure 13]b if bodily movement is required.
Adequate care can be taken to prevent damage due to the proximity of their roots with that of the crown of the developing permanent canine. Utility arches placed along with the 2 × 4 appliance produce intrusion, protraction or retraction of incisors depending on the treatment needs.
Read more at: ------------------------------- http://www.srmjrds.in/article.asp… -------------------------------
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Clinical factors correlated with the success rate of miniscrews in orthodontic treatment
Upper canine retraction using a miniscrew, elastic force and sectional/segmented arch. Pre-treatment (a), during treatment (b) and post-treatment (c) photograph.
Read more at:... ------------------------------- http://www.nature.com/…/jour…/v4/n1/f ig_tab/ijos20121f1.html -------------------------------
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Class I Transposed UR3, UR4 macrodont central incisors
Class I Transposed UR3, UR4 macrodont central incisors. While possible to resolve the transposition, periodontial and root damage together with prolonged treatment time encouraged us to align the transposed teeth in their current locations
Read more at:... ------------------------------- http://www.orthotown.com/orthotown/Articl e.aspx… -------------------------------
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Problems to watch for in adults
Crowding (Overlapping teeth)
... Diastema (Spacing)
Anterior Crossbite (With forward displacement)
Bruxism (Tooth wear)
Periodontal Problems (gum disease)
Protrusion (Goofy - upper jaw too far forward)
Open Bite (Teeth don't meet at the front)
Deep Bite (Top teeth overlap lower teeth)
Read more at: ------------------------------- http://www.marshhouseorthodontics.com/… /what-is-wrong-with-… -------------------------------
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Label the diagram?

Overjet Secondary to Vertical Maxillary Excess - Class II Malocclusion
Relatively lower upper jaw will cause overbite (mistakenly known as overbite). It's because the lower jaw will be under-closed when reaching the upper jaw.

Correlations between soft- and hard-tissue changes
Significant correlations between soft- and hard-tissue changes (Table 3) occurred cephalometrically only in Class III patients. Highly significant correlations were found between facial convexity and SNB, ANB, and NAPg and between lower lip length and SNB, ANB, and NAPg.
Photogrammetrically significant correlations occurred in Class II patients for labiomental angle and SNB, ANB, and NAPg and in Class III patients for facial... convexity and NAPg; for nasolabial angle and SNA; and for lower lip length and NAPg. Significant correlations for both Class II and III patients could be shown between lower lip length and ANB.
Read more at: ------------------------------- http://www.intechopen.com/…/soft-tissue -response-in-orthogn… -------------------------------
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Orthodontic Camouflage Treatment of a Class II Malocclusion
Class II division 1 malocclusion is described as the incisal edges of the lower incisors occlude posterior to the cingulum plateau of the upper incisors and the upper central incisors are proclined 1 . The prevalence of this malocclusion varies amongst different populations but it is reported to be 20% in the UK 2. There are a number of features commonly associated with Class II malocclusion including the Class II sk...eletal pattern and dentoalveolar compensation may mask the severity of the malocclusion but the profile may still be unfavourable. Deep overbite and increased overjet are commonly seen in this malocclusion.
Soft tissues can exert an influence on the position and inclination of the incisors. A lower lip trap may procline the upper incisors further and lip incompetence can have an effect on the inclination of the incisors due to imbalance of the pressure on the teeth 3 . The management of this type of malocclusion will depend on a number of factors including the patient’s age, the severity of the skeletal pattern, the amount of crowding and the overjet. It can be broadly divided into growth modification, orthodontic camouflage or orthognathic surgery involving either one jaw or double jaws. In the following case, orthodontic camouflage was chosen and the reasons for this treatment plan are explained.
------------------------------- http://dentalnews-articles.blogspot.co.uk /…/orthodontic-cam… -------------------------------
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Over-eruption of the right maxillary buccal segment
(a) Over-eruption of the right maxillary buccal segment. (b) Mini-screw implant placed in the buccal cortical bone distal to the maxillary first molar. Intrusive force applied with elastomeric thread. Note the archwire stops short of the molar tooth. (c) Mini-screw implant placed in the palate between the second premolar and molar to provide a counter balancing intrusive force. (d) Completion of the required intrusion. (e) T...he intruded molar is stabilized with a ligature tie. A flexible arch is now used to intrude and level the adjacent teeth. (f) Intrusion and levelling completed, lower osseointegrated implants placed with maxillary and mandibular provisional crowns prior to placement of final restorations
Read more at: ------------------------------- http://www.mizrahi-dental-teaching.co.uk/ …/OrthodonticTempo… -------------------------------
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Molar Mesialisation
This adult male required orthodontic decompensation and then a mandibular setback osteotomy to correct his Class III malocclusion. The lower right 1st molar had a poor prognosis yet space closure would normally be contra-indicated by the need to advance the lower incisors pre-operatively. Conventionally the lower 3rd molar would also be removed during this jaw surgery. Therefore, it was planned to close the 1st molar space by pre-operative mesialisation of... the adjacent molars and hence preserve the 3rd molar in this quadrant.
Normally one mini-implant (placed in the premolar area) would suffice for mesio-distal anchorage, but a 2nd was added here because space closure was greatly complicated by a substantial loss of alveolar height in the 1st molar area. The Infinitas mini-implants were 1.5mm diameter, and had 6mm and 9mm body lengths, inserted buccal and mesial to each premolar root.
Direct traction was applied, via elastic modules, to both a free-sliding powerarm (distal to the 2nd molar) and to the 3rd molar bracket hook. These powerarms enable better bodily movement of teeth with fewer side-effects such as archwire binding.
Read more at: ------------------------------- http://www.infinitas-miniimplant.com/mola r-mesialisation2.h… -------------------------------
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Buccal Intrusion
This adult patient was originally scheduled for posterior maxillary impaction to correct her anterior open bite. Instead, after initial alignment, Infinitas mini-implants were used for intrusion of the upper buccal segments. Extraction of the premolars was also undertaken, but no space closure was undertaken until incisor contact had been achieved. The patient also had extraction of the 3rd molars once the intrusion was proceeding successfully. Prior to this ...a significant step had developed between the 2nd and 3rd molar crowns, as the former teeth were intruded.
A 1.5mm diameter 9mm body length, long neck mini-implant was inserted bilaterally in the palatal alveolus between the 1st and 2nd molar palatal roots (after removal of a circle of mucosa using the Infinitas mucotome). Direct elastomeric traction (to bonded cleats) on the molars produced differential elevation of their palatal cusps (as well as bodily intrusion), whilst arch constriction was counteracted by archwire expansion. Some over-correction of the anterior openbite was achieved as evidenced by posterior openbites at debond.
The pre- and post-intrusion lateral radiographs demonstrate the alteration in the maxillary occlusal plane and also the resulting favourable mandibular auto-rotation (and pogonion advancement).
Read more at: ------------------------------- http://www.infinitas-miniimplant.com/bucc al-intrusion2.html -------------------------------
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Indirect Anchorage
Hypodontia patients frequently have inadequate alveolar bone volume in the areas where permanent teeth fail to erupt. Therefore, mini-implants are better inserted in more apical positions as shown in this case where the upper canines erupted in very distal positions. 9mm body length, 1.5 mm diameter mini-implants were inserted to assist with mesialisation of the molar teeth. Indirect anchorage was utilised by securing a 19x25 steel wire through the Infinita...s head (with composite) and a cross-slot placed on the main archwire.
Read more at: ------------------------------- http://www.infinitas-miniimplant.com/indi rect-anchorage.html -------------------------------
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كلش تعجبني واتمنى تفاصيل اكثر وحاﻻت معينه وطريقة عﻻجها عمليا بطرق مختلفه

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It is a very important part of dentistry

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